Fluid dynamics investigates the motion of fluids, a realm characterized by two fundamental states: steady motion and turbulence. Steady motion describes a fluid flow where velocity at any given point remains constant over time. In contrast, turbulence emerges when fluid motion becomes chaotic and unpredictable, characterized by fluctuating velociti

As the world embraces the rapid advancements of 5G technology, increasing number of researchers are analyzing its potential effects on human health. One area gaining particular attention is the impact of 5G waves on skin cell function. While current evidence indicates that exposure to 5G frequencies is not harmful at typical usage levels, there are